Towards Green and Smart Seaports: Renewable Energy and Automation Technologies for Bulk Cargo Loading Operations

Abstract In 2018, 4.1 billion tonnes of freight and 437 million passengers passed through the 1200 European ports. This dimension geographically concentrated activities is rationale that ports are characterised by a high-energy demand high share emissions. Driven growing awareness for cleaner environment, stronger focus on sustainability intensified environmental regulations, forced to take responsibility when it comes issues. As response, in recent studies, concept ‘green ports’ emerged. Simultaneously, context digitalisation, term ‘smart has received attention latest scientific discussions, too. Since an important driver towards greener maritime operations linked we argue digital efforts should next automation inherent logistics processes also contribute reducing emissions energy demands. Previous studies have primarily container handling operations. Hence, there exists research gap concerning bulk cargo Thus, this study addresses question how automate dry loading frame green smart port development. The developed case refers seaport Wismar, whereby results show digitalisation can be successfully aligned. Overall, extends discussion development, while contributes literature proving both conceptual ideas achieved operating business.